In the early 1900s, scientists worked to model the atom. Their early experiments were largely based on the physics they already knew of physics on a human scale, for example .dem Rutherford model and the Bohr model for atoms. They were basically trying to force the observations into the framework they already knew, and then loosened the frame because it didn`t quite work. OK, so in principle, it`s possible that there`s a huge projector around the Milky Way that (about some laws of physics that we don`t understand, so we have no way of saying it`s pretending) is sending us light signals, etc., so our observations of matter „outside our galaxy“ actually emanate from the projector. And then outside of the spotlight, you actually have repulsive gravity, 128-dimensional space-time, and functional governments. Is that possible? Well, many things could be possible in the universe, and many of these possibilities still work within the limits of what we know about the physical law. But it is also possible, and perhaps more likely, that the physics we know today sets strict limits on life and what it can do. These limitations could limit technological development to such an extent that they fall far short of what our science fiction can imagine. Perhaps, for example, there is simply no way around the limits imposed by the speed of light, and exceeding the distances between stars will always be extremely difficult and expensive.

For example, we can see light from distant parts of the known universe. The spectral lines of this light tell us about the elements in it. These spectral lines tell us which elements are present, but we do not observe new elements. And the elements we observe seem to behave exactly as they would in the Sun or other nearby stars. Even small differences in the rules of physics would alter the emission or absorption lines of elements in ways we do not observe. Webb said: „From previous calculations, we know the limits of the size of animals on Earth. The largest animal on earth was the Brachiosaurus. His record is hard to beat, as a larger animal would likely break under its own weight.

However, if the physical constants had a different value here, then the size limits of the organisms would also be different. A smaller fine structure constant could therefore mean that larger organisms could emerge. If the interpretation of light is correct, it`s „a big problem,“ agrees Craig Hogan, director of the Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics in Batavia, Illinois. But like Cowie, he suspects that there is an error somewhere in the analysis. „I think the result is not real,“ he says. This question directly concerns the Kardashev scale, a subject we have already discussed. The Kardashev scale is all about energy recovery. A Type I civilization in Kardashev`s scheme can capture all the energy that falls on its home planet.

A Type II civilization can capture all the energy generated by a star, and a Type III civilization can do the same for an entire galaxy. Harvesting the energy output of an entire galaxy does indeed seem quite advanced, but we could pursue the idea further. Could there be a Type IV civilization or a Type V civilization? Are there limits to the progress of a technological species – and if so, where do these limits lie? The most important reason why we assume that the laws of physics are no different in distant galaxies is that we can observe things in those galaxies that would not be as we observe them if the laws varied. In addition, the team`s analysis of about 300 measurements of alpha in light from different points in the sky suggests that the variation is not random, but structured, like a bar magnet. The universe seems to have a large alpha on one side and a smaller alpha on the other. „After measuring alpha in about 300 distant galaxies, a coherence emerged: this magic number, which shows us the strength of electromagnetism, is not the same everywhere as here on Earth and seems to vary continuously along a preferred axis across the universe,“ said Professor John Webb of the University of New South Wales. As other posters have pointed out, the evidence we have does not show such discontinuities. The spectra of distant luminous objects correspond to those of neighboring objects and allow a red or blue offset. This „dipole“ orientation is almost equivalent to that of a stream of galaxies that mysteriously moves towards the edge of the universe. However, it does not coincide with another inexplicable dipole called the axis of evil, in the afterglow of the Big Bang. The first indications that alpha might not be constant emerged a decade ago when Professor John Webb, Professor Victor Flambaum and other colleagues at UNSW and elsewhere analyzed observations from the Keck Observatory in Hawaii.